Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidants used in water treatment. That strength can create a common assumption: if ozone reacts rapidly with iron, manganese, sulfide, many organic compounds, and microorganisms, it should also be an efficient solution for ammonia. Ammonia is more complicated. The way ammonia behaves during ozonation depends strongly on pH, whether the nitrogen is present primarily as un-ionized ammonia or ammonium, the presence of bromide and other reactive constituents, ozone dose, contact conditions, and the actual treatment objective. That distinction matters because oxidizing ammonia is [...]
